On the 16 of September 2023, the west African subregion was shaken when Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger announced the creation of the Alliance of Sahel States (Alliance des États du Sahel – AES), a defence pact originally thought to back up the threat of retaliation against the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) if it militarily intervened in Niger following the coup.
But has confederation been able to ease the hardship of the population? Have they been able to eradicate insurgency?
